What is VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)?

VoIP stands for Voice Over Internet Protocol. It transmits your voice over a broadband internet connection. There are many VoIP software and services that are used to connect voice calls. The rates for the service is cheaper than the rates of an analog phone. VoIP converts your voice to a digital signal and sends it across the internet. There is no additional equipment needed to establish a VoIP connection.

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The Purpose of USB Ports

All computers sold today have atleast one USB port. USB ports let you connect many devices to your computer and makes connecting the devices more easily. Before different devices used to use parallel and serial ports. These ports are simplified to install and take up less space.

People that have been paying attention to computer history know why we have USB ports. In the past connecting devices was a days work. Now a average user can get it done.

• Parallel Port - Was used for printers and zip drives. These ports "good speed" to these devices and that is why they where used.
• Serial Port - was used for modems and PDA devices. Cameras and some printer also used this port. Serial ports were not as fast as Parallel ports.
• Devices that required more speed had their own cards. These cards would take up PCI slots. There were also a limit to these slots. Installing the software needed for the card was not that easy.

So the Universal Serial Bus lets you connect about 127 devices to your computer with a standardized and easy way.

 

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The Difference Between TCP and UDP

All computers in the world use a protocol called TCP/IP to use the internet. Information can be sent through two methods. The two protocols are TCP and UDP.

TCP

�TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. If you use this method you are guarenteed delivery. TCP connects with the computer it is sending data to. It sends a group of packet until the whole file is sent. After the first packets are sent it sends an acknowledgment that it has recieved the packets. Then it sends the next group and the process keeps going. IF any packets are lost it resends it automatically. This is why TCP is typically used, so when browsing pages so hlf the page dosen`t load.

UDP

UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol. UDP sends the complete packet of data in one shot. It does not guarantee delivery. UDP is typically used for streaming video like on Youtube or on another site. UDP is faster since it does not have to send data in groups and wait for acknowledgment.�

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IP Address v4

Every Device that is connected to the internet has it`s own IP address.If the IP addresses was not unique,then other devices would not be able to communicate with each other.It is like two people having the same telephone number or address.How will you know which address to send it to.In the same way if two or more devices on the internet have the same IP address then there will be and IP address conflict, letting none of the sites to acces the Internet.Currently we are using IPv4.IPv4 is verry limited which means that the ISPs have control over.Your IP address is actually a subdomain of your ISP.This is why we are now in the switch to IPv6, which means every man,animal,toaster,refridgerator can have its own IP address.

IP addresses are made up of four spaces seperated by periods.The nubers in each space can be from 0 to 255.

IP Address Classing�

 

Class	Start address	End �address
A	0.0.0.0	126.255.255.255
B	128.0.0.0	191.255.255.255
C	192.0.0.0	223.255.255.255
D	224.0.0.0	239.255.255.255
E	240.0.0.0	255.255.255.255

Private Addresses

Class	Private Start Address	Private End Address
A	10.0.0.0	10.255.255.255
B	172.16.0.0	172.31.255.255
C	192.168.0.0	192.168.255.255

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Still under construction

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Operating Systems

If a computer only had hardware parts it would be completely useless.In order to use these parts you need and Operating System (OS).

When you first turn yourn your computer on, the OS is loaded from the hard drive to your RAM.The part of the OS that interacts with the hardware is called kernel.The part of the OS that interacts with user is called shell.A user can either use CLI or GUI.You are probably most used to GUI.�

If you use CLI you have to directly enter the commands in Command Prompt.GUI lets you use the OS with images,text and other graphics.

OSs can either be commercial software or GPL.Commercial License requires you to buy the OS.You also cannot modify it in anyway.A GPL lets you get it for free and lets you make changes to it.

�Different OSs have different requirements.Here are a list of some:

• Amount of RAM
• Hard disk space required
• Processor type and speed
• Video resolution

This article is still under construction 5/08/08 8:27 PM

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What is ctfmon.exe And Why Is It Running?

Ctfmon is the process that controls Alternative User Input and the Office Language bar.This how you control your computer with speech,or a pen or using the onscreen keyboard inputs for Asian languages.If are using these services you should leave it on.But if you don`t you can still get rid of it and i`ll show you how.There are a number of ways that this can be done.

Disabling in Microsoft Office 2003

You can remove the alternative text input from Microsoft Office by going to the setup and disabling that feature.Go to Add/Remove programs and select the option "Change your installation of Microsoft Office".Also make sure you check the box for "Choose advanced customization of applications" before proceeding.

Then Find "Alternative User Input" in the list of features and change it to "Not available".

Disabling in Windows XP

Open up Control Panel and choose Regional and Language Options.Then Choose the Languages tab and then click on Details in the top section.

Then you want to go to the services tab and make sure "Installed Services" looks similar to this:

You must do this because if you have more than one Installed service then ctfmon might come back.

Disabling in Windows Vista

Open Control Panel, choose Regional and Language Options and then find "Change keyboards or other input methods".

In the Keyboards and Languages tab, you can choose to Change keyboards.

Now you will have to disable any additional services other than your keyboard should look like this:

Remove From Startup

Got to run and type in "msconfig".Then go to the startup tab.Then disable ctfmon.This should not be attempted in the begining because it will return if you don`t follow th instruction above.

You can also run a code>Run then one at a time in run by going to start run:

Regsvr32.exe /u msimtf.dll


Regsvr32.exe /u msctf.dll

Then you should then remove it from the startup.

The final step is to reboot.�

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